10-01, Example of structured and unstructured interviews
Break #1
What you have learned
Focus groups, interviews
What’s coming next
Questionnaires
10-02, Questionnaire
Not the same as a survey
Questionnaire is the form
Survey is the process
Administration
Mail
Computer (REDCap)
Telephone
In person
10-02, Question types
No one to supervise if person answers “incorrectly”.
Q. What is your age? A. Older than dirt.
Q. What is the one word that describes your greatest weakness? A. Inability to follow directions.
Three broad classes of questions
Open ended
Partial open ended
Close ended
10-02, Advantages of open ended questions
Richer, more detailed responses
Captures unanticipated responses
Avoids “pigeonholing”.
“Pigeonholing is a process that attempts to classify disparate entities into a limited number of categories (usually, mutually exclusive ones). The term usually carries connotations of criticism, implying that the classification scheme referred to inadequately reflects the entities being sorted, or that it is based on stereotypes.” Wikipedia.
10-02, Advantages of close ended questions
Faster
Easier to analyze
Better quality control
Note: partially open ended questions are a compromise and have the worst of both worlds.
10-02, Types of close ended questions
Fill in the blank
Ordinal scales
Semantic differential scales
Likert scale
Visual analog scale
Nominal scales
Select one option
Select all that apply
10-02, Semantic differential scale
Pairs of polar opposite adjectives
Internal scale with no intermediate descriptors
Select a response along the continuum.
Common themes
Evaluative (good-bad)
Potency (strong-weak)
Activity (fast-slow)
10-02, Example of a semantic differential scale
Semantic differential scale with three items
Break #2
What you have learned
Questionnaires
What’s coming next
Likert scales
10-03, Visual analog scale
Line segment
Total length 100 millimeters
Labels at two extremes
Alert/Extremely drowsy
Energetic/worn out
completely full/starving
Mark an X along the continuum
10-03, Example of a visual analog scale
Visual analog scale for pain
10-03, Likert scale
Discrete values
Extremes and intermediate points labelled.
Measurements of frequency
Very frequently, Frequently, Occasionally, Rarely
Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often
Every day, Two or three times a week, Once a week, Less than once a week
10-03, Likert scale
Satisfaction (Very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, very dissatisfied)